Buddhism-Buddha:-
Also known as Sakyamuni or Tathagata.
Born to
Suddhodana (Sakya ruler) and Mahamaya in 563 BC on the Vaishakha Poornima day
of Lumbini (near Kapilvastu) in Nepal.
Lost mother
7 days after the birth. Brought up by stepmother Gautami.
Married at
16 to Yoshodhara and blessed with a son named Rahula.
Left his
palace at 29 (with Channa, the charioteer and his favourite horse, Kanthaka) in
search of truth (called ‘Mahabhinishkramana’ or The Great Renunciation) and
wandered for 6 years.
Attained
‘Enlightenment’ at 35 at Gaya in Magadha (Bihar) under the Pipal tree.
Delivered
the first sermon at Sarnath where his five disciples had settled. His first
sermon is called ‘Dharmachakrapravartan’ or ‘Turning of the Wheel of Law.’
Attained
Mahaparinirvana at Kushinagar (identical with village Kasia in Deoria district
of UP) in 483 BC at the age of 80.
Teachings of Buddha
1)His four Noble Truths
(Arya Satyas):-
a. The world is full of sorrows Sabbam
Dukkam.
b. The cause of sorrow is desire
Dwadash Nidan/Pratitya Samutpada.
c. If desires are conquered, all
sorrows can be removed Nirvana.
d. This can be achieved by following
the 8-fold path Ashtangika Marga.
The second
truth, is based on Buddha’s doctrine of Paticheha samutpada or Pratitya
samutpada i.e., law of dependent origination or causation.
2) Eight-fold Path
(Ashtangika Marga):-
Right
understanding
Right
thought
Right
speech
Right
action
Right
livelihood
Right
effort
Right mindfulness
Right
concentration
3 Three Jewels (Triratnas):-
Buddha (the
enlightened)
Dhamma
(doctrine)
Sangha
(order)
Buddist Literature:-
In Pali
language.
Buddhist
scriptures in Pali are commonly referred to as Tripitakas, i.e. ‘Threefold
Basket’.
Vinaya Pitaka:-
Rules of discipline in Buddhist monasteries.
Sutta Pitaka:-
Largest, contains collection of Buddha’s
sermons.
Jataks are
the fables about the different births of Buddha.
Abhidhamma Pitak:-
It contains profound philosophy of the Buddha’s
teachings.
|
Council |
Time |
Place |
Chairman |
King |
|
First |
483 BC |
Rajgriha |
Mehakassaapa |
Ajatshatru |
|
Second |
383 BC |
Vaishali |
Sababakami |
Kalashoka |
|
Third |
251 BC |
Patliputra |
Mogaliputta Tissa |
Ashoka |
|
Fourth |
AD 72 |
Kashmir |
Vasumitra |
Kanishka |
In Fourth
Council Buddhism separated into Mahayana and Hinyana Sects.
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